Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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An
agonist a. | blocks the
action of neurotransmitters | b. | prevents reuptake of
neurotransmitters | c. | mimics the action of a
neurotransmitter | d. | extends the absolute refractory period of neural
transmission | | |
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2.
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A
family of chemicals produced in the body that resemble the opiates are the a. | endorphins | b. | dopamines | c. | biogenic
amines | d. | acetylcholines | | |
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3.
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That
part of the nervous system that controls digestion and flow of blood is the a. | somatic nervous
system | b. | motor nervous system | c. | sensory nervous
system | d. | autonomic nervous system | | |
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4.
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The
enclosing sheaths that protect the brain and spinal cord are referred to as a. | meninges | b. | glia | c. | ventricles | d. | cerebrospinal
sheaths | | |
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5.
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The
__________ fluid nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it. a. | amniotic | b. | cerebrospinal | c. | parasympathetic | d. | somatic | | |
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6.
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A
person might end up in a coma if the following area of the brain is damaged a. | reticular
formation | b. | medulla | c. | hypothalamus | d. | pons | | |
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7.
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The
brain structure that controls your ability to understand speech is a. | Wernicke's
area | b. | the
thalamus | c. | the occipital lobe of the cerebral
cortex | d. | Broca's area | | |
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8.
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Which
of the following researchers won a Nobel prize for his landmark research on "split-brain"
patients? a. | Charles
Darwin | b. | Robert Plomin | c. | Roger
Sperry | d. | James Olds | | |
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9.
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The
specific pattern of genes inherited at conception defines an individual's a. | phenotype | b. | polygenic inheritance | c. | stereotype | d. | genotype | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following techniques is used by scientists to determine the relative influence of the effects
of genetics and experience on behavioral traits? a. | twin studies | b. | family
studies | c. | adoption studies | d. | all of these
techniques | | |
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11.
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Which
of the following statements about Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution is not
accurate? a. | He was the first
person to describe the process of evolution. | b. | He identified
natural selection as the mechanism that orchestrates the process of
evolution. | c. | He noted that some of the characteristics of organisms are
passed down from one generation to the next. | d. | He suggested
that variations in hereditary traits might affect organisms' ability to obtain
resources. | | |
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12.
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Agonist is to __________ as afferent is to __________. a. | efferent;
antagonist | b. | axon; synapse | c. | antagonist;
efferent | d. | phenotype; genotype | | |
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13.
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Juanita was drinking some warm punch and she thought she could just detect a faint
taste of nutmeg in the punch. However when she took another sip the taste wasn't there. On the third
sip she could just make out the taste of nutmeg again. It is very likely that the amount of nutmeg in
the punch was a. | just below her
taste constancy level | b. | producing inhibitory synapses rather than excitatory
synapses | c. | producing action potentials that were too weak to reach the
terminal buttons | d. | just at her absolute threshold for
taste | | |
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14.
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The
fact that your criterion for "hearing" mysterious noises at night may change after a rash
of burglaries in your neighborhood can best be explained by a. | Weber's
law | b. | Fechner's
law | c. | sensory
adaptation | d. | signal-detection theory | | |
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15.
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The
center-surround arrangement of visual fields contributes to the eye being a. | an
absolute-intensity detector | b. | insensitive at low illumination | c. | a contrast
detector | d. | insensitive to low amplitude light
waves | | |
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16.
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"Parallel processing" in the visual pathways suggests that separate neural
channels a. | do the same
things at different locations | b. | extract different information from visual
inputs | c. | send the same information to many different
places | d. | provide safety backups for each other | | |
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17.
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Zachary is looking at a reversible figure which first appears to be a vase and then
appears to be two faces. His perception of the figure keeps switching between these two
interpretations. This switching perception is caused by the fact that a. | reversible
figures cause people to experience the phi phenomenon | b. | the Gestalt
principle of simplicity doesn't work for reversible figures | c. | The Gestalt
principles of proximity and closure are both at work in reversible figures | d. | the
figure-ground distinction in reversible figures is often ambiguous | | |
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18.
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Optical illusions tend to be a. | influenced by our experiences | b. | more pronounced
in children | c. | less pronounced in adults | d. | genetically
determined | | |
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19.
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Compared to the low notes on a piano, the high notes always produce sound waves that
have a. | a higher
frequency | b. | a lower amplitude | c. | a higher
amplitude | d. | a lower frequency | | |
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20.
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The
frequency theory of pitch perception is flawed because a. | structurally, it
is impossible for the basilar membrane to vibrate | b. | neurons cannot
fire fast enough to account for hearing tones higher than 1,000
cycles/second | c. | it places the transduction process in the semicircular canals
and not the cochlea | d. | the action of the ossicles interacting with the auditory nerve
was misidentified | | |
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21.
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The
rods and cones are to vision as the taste buds are to a. | olfaction | b. | kinesthesis | c. | gustation | d. | flavation | | |
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22.
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The
pathway for pain that results in the experience of pain being less localized and longer lasting is
the a. | thalamic
pathway | b. | endorphin pathway | c. | slow
pathway | d. | generic pathway | | |
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23.
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Catelin has had a slow throbbing pain in her ankle since she twisted it roller blading
last week. These pain signals are traveling along a. | ungated endorphin pathways in the
hypothalamus | b. | thin, unmyelinated C fibers | c. | thick,
myelinated A-delta fibers | d. | periaqueductal gray neurons in the
midbrain | | |
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24.
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Which
of the following is not one of the four basic tastes? a. | salty | b. | citrus | c. | sweet | d. | bitter | | |
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25.
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Which
of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one's biological
clock? a. | The hypothalamus
signals the thalamus, which in turn sends signals to the medial forebrain
bundle. | b. | The thalamus signals the optic chiasm, which in turn causes a
release of the hormone philoxin, which activates the renal gland. | c. | The
suprachiasmatic nucleus signals the pineal gland, which in turn secretes the hormone
melatonin. | d. | The superior colliculus signals the thalamus, which stimulates
Broca's area. | | |
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26.
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In
general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain a. | more stage 4 and
less REM | b. | more stage 4 and more REM | c. | less stage 4 and
less REM | d. | less stage 4 and more REM | | |
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27.
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Lauren has been having trouble sleeping, and she decides to take a sedative to help
her get a good night's sleep. The use of a sedative is likely to a. | increase the
amount of time she spends in both slow-wave and REM sleep | b. | increase the
amount of time she spends in slow-wave sleep, but decrease her overall REM
sleep | c. | decrease the amount of time she spends in both slow-wave and
REM sleep | d. | increase the amount of time she spends in REM sleep, but
decrease her overall slow-wave sleep | | |
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28.
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Which
of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is not accurate? a. | Sleepwalking
occurs mostly in children. | b. | It is safe to awaken a sleepwalker. | c. | Sleepwalking
typically occurs while the person is dreaming. | d. | There appears to
be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking. | | |
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29.
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What
did Freud call the contents of our waking life that spill into our dreams? a. | the day
residue | b. | manifest content | c. | nocturnal
spillover | d. | wish fulfillment | | |
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30.
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A
stage hypnotist is sometimes successful in getting people to disrobe in public. What is the best
explanation for this phenomenon? a. | When hypnotized, a subject comes under the total control of the
hypnotist and will follow any instructions to the letter. | b. | The subject is a
confederate of the hypnotist and disrobes while pretending to be
hypnotized. | c. | When hypnotized, subjects are able to convince themselves that
they cannot be held responsible for their actions and so end up doing things they might not otherwise
do. | d. | The hypnotist is
careful to select only those subjects who look as if they would enjoy disrobing in
public. | | |
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31.
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Research has shown that meditation can produce a physiological state similar
to a. | the REM stage of
sleep | b. | that produced by hypnosis | c. | relaxation | d. | a drug-induced trance | | |
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32.
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Which
of the following drugs carries the least amount of risk for physical and/or psychological
dependence? a. | LSD | b. | cocaine | c. | amphetamines | d. | heroin | | |
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33.
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There
is the greatest amount of debate on the risks associated with which of the following
drugs? a. | marijuana | b. | alcohol | c. | cocaine | d. | heroin | | |
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34.
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Mark's mother is worried because he only sleeps about 4 to 5 hours per night. What
would you tell her? a. | She has reason to be concerned because, in the long run, Mark's
lack of sleep will take its toll physically. | b. | There is nothing
to worry about because young people need less sleep than older people. | c. | There is no
problem as long as Mark spends most of his sleep time in REM sleep. | d. | There is
probably nothing to be worried about since different people need differing amounts of
sleep. | | |
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35.
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Depressant drugs have been found to a. | facilitate
falling asleep | b. | disrupt the normal sleep cycle | c. | reduce REM
sleep | d. | do all of these things | | |
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36.
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Which
of the following statements about dreams is most accurate? a. | Only about 75
percent of all people dream. | b. | The reason we do not remember our dreams is that the content of
the dream is repressed. | c. | People cannot remember their dreams because of too much time
passing between when they dreamed and when they try to recall the dream. | d. | Most dreams
people can remember deal with sexually oriented topics. | | |
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37.
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Which
of the following statements regarding dreams is not accurate? a. | Dream recall is
best when people are awakened during or very soon after a dream. | b. | Dreams flash
through consciousness instantaneously. | c. | We dream whether we remember our dreams or
not. | d. | Trying to
remember dreams can aid dream recall. | | |
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38.
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Concluding that a person drinks too much because he/she is an alcoholic, is an example
of _____________ reasoning. a. | logical | b. | circular | c. | inductive | d. | deductive | | |
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39.
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Stages 3 and 4 of sleep are associated with __________ waves in EEG
recordings. a. | alpha | b. | delta | c. | REM | d. | asynchronistic | | |
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40.
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Dr.
McCardle has implanted an electrode in the hypothalamus of a rat. When the rat's brain is
electrically stimulated the rat stops eating. The electrode is most likely activating
the a. | magnocellular
hypothalamus | b. | ventromedial hypothalamus | c. | lateral
hypothalamus | d. | parvocellular hypothalamus | | |
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41.
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Evolutionary theory predicts that women should place more emphasis than men on all but
which of the following partner characteristics? a. | ambition | b. | intelligence | c. | social status | d. | physical
attractiveness | | |
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42.
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Which
of the following approaches to explaining the origins of homosexuality has received the most
empirical support? a. | biological | b. | psychoanalytic | c. | operant conditioning | d. | classical
conditioning | | |
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43.
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Which
of the following statements regarding homosexuality has not been supported by empirical
evidence? a. | Male
homosexuality is linked to genetic material on the X chromosome. | b. | There are
anatomical differences in the brain between homosexual and heterosexual
men. | c. | Homosexuality is
a learned preference acquired when same-sex stimuli have been paired with sexual
arousal. | d. | Identical twins of homosexual men are more likely to be
homosexual than are fraternal twins of homosexual men. | | |
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44.
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Which
of the following generalizations was not supported by Masters and Johnson's human sexuality
research? a. | Women are more
apt than men to have intercourse without orgasm. | b. | The subjective
experience of orgasm is very similar for men and women. | c. | Men are more apt
to be multiorgasmic than women are. | d. | Sexual difficulties are most typically caused by psychological
factors. | | |
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45.
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The
Thematic Apperception Test is considered __________ test. a. | an
aptitude | b. | a projective | c. | an
achievement | d. | a criterion-based | | |
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46.
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Alisha is telling a story about a character on a TAT card. In this story Alisha
focuses on the individual's lack of persistence when undertaking projects, and she also describes how
the individual prefers situations that have little competition. Alisha's answer suggests that she
most likely has a. | a low need for affiliation | b. | a low need for
achievement | c. | a high need for affiliation | d. | a high need for
achievement | | |
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47.
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Warrick was posing for his girlfriend while she painted a picture for her art class.
She had asked him to hold his mouth in a frown because she was trying to depict someone who was sad
and dejected. Now that he has finished posing, Warrick finds that he is feeling somewhat unhappy, but
he is not really sure why. This type of reaction is consistent with which of the
following? a. | the two-factor
theory of emotion | b. | the James-Lange theory of emotion | c. | the facial
feedback hypothesis | d. | the common-sense view of emotion | | |
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48.
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Imagine that an individual has taken medication that has lowered his or her overall
level of autonomic arousal. If this person reports less intense emotional experiences it would
provide some support for a. | the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion | b. | the common-sense
view of emotion | c. | the facial feedback hypothesis | d. | the James-Lange
theory of emotion | | |
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49.
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Relationship harmony is likely to be an important determinant of happiness in which of
the following types of cultures? a. | collectivist | b. | empirical | c. | actualized | d. | individualistic | | |
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50.
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Overall, the best predictor of individuals' future happiness is their a. | financial
status | b. | past happiness | c. | commitment to
their religion | d. | degree of physical attractiveness | | |
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