Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Freud
concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by a. | unrealistic
demands from family and friends | b. | personal conflicts existing at an unconscious
level | c. | genetic predispositions to behave in a particular
way | d. | conflicts
between conscious desires and environmental constraints | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following psychologists would have been most likely to assert that "free will is an
illusion"? a. | Abraham
Maslow | b. | B. F. Skinner | c. | Wilhelm
Wundt | d. | Carl Rogers | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following "schools" of psychology takes the most optimistic view of human
nature? a. | behaviorism | b. | functionalism | c. | humanism | d. | psychoanalysis | | |
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4.
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Which
type of psychologist would be least likely to generalize from studies of animal subjects to
human behavior? a. | a
psychoanalyst | b. | a behaviorist | c. | a
humanist | d. | a cognitive psychologist | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following psychologists demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the brain could evoke
emotional responses such as pleasure and rage in animals? a. | James
Olds | b. | Roger
Sperry | c. | B. F. Skinner | d. | Abraham
Maslow | | |
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6.
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The
fact that your performance in this course will be affected by both personal and situational factors
best supports which of the following? a. | a multifactorial causation of behavior
approach | b. | the single-cause explanation of
behavior | c. | the dual-cause explanation of
behavior | d. | a psychoanalytic approach to explaining
behavior | | |
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7.
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Which
of the following best characterizes people's understanding of reality? a. | highly
objective | b. | highly subjective | c. | genetically
determined | d. | a passive process | | |
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8.
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Which
of the following conclusions is supported by research comparing "successful" to
"unsuccessful" students? a. | Successful students and unsuccessful students attended class
equally often. | b. | Paradoxically, successful students attended class less often
than unsuccessful students. | c. | Successful students attended class more often than unsuccessful
students. | d. | Successful students used an instructor's office hours more than
students. | | |
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9.
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Within the field of psychology, Freud's ideas encountered resistance because he
emphasized a. | human
consciousness | b. | human behavior | c. | introspection | d. | the unconscious | | |
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10.
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Dr.
Dieringer wants to study attachment patterns in single-parent families. She plans to define the
strength of attachment as the time it takes for the parent to respond when the infant starts to cry.
Defining attachment in this way would a. | be an example of a hypothesis | b. | violate ethical
guidelines for psychological research | c. | represent an operational definition | d. | require a
double-blind research design | | |
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11.
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A
psychologist monitors changes in the subject's heart rate as the subject watches a violent movie. The
data collection technique being used is a. | direct observation | b. | psychological
testing | c. | physiological recording | d. | archival
records | | |
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12.
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Researchers studying the effects of sleep deprivation tested the physical coordination
skills of 25-year-old males who had been sleep deprived for either 24, 36, or 48 hours. In this study
the dependent variable would be a. | the age of the research participants | b. | the physical
coordination skills of the men in the study | c. | the length of
time the participants had been sleep deprived | d. | the type of
physical coordination task the researchers use | | |
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13.
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The
experimental group a. | consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment
with regard to the independent variable | b. | consists of the subjects who receive some special treatment
with regard to the dependent variable | c. | consists of the subjects who do not receive the special
treatment | d. | must be chosen so as to be as different from the control group
as possible | | |
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14.
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Dr.
Kalmagura plans on introducing a new exam review procedure in his chemistry classes. To check the
effectiveness of the new procedure he is going to have half his students try the new technique for
one semester, while the remaining students review in the way they have always done in the past. He
asks each student to decide which of the techniques they would like to use, the new technique or the
standard technique. In this example, Dr. Kalmagura's procedure illustrates a. | the use of
non-random assignment | b. | a correlational research design | c. | a double-blind
research design | d. | what is meant by informed consent in
research | | |
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15.
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You
are sitting on a park bench in a major metropolitan area from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. and you note the
number of people who walk by, whether or not they litter, and their gender. You are engaging
in a. | casual
observation | b. | naturalistic observation | c. | case study
research | d. | experimental research | | |
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16.
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Broadening the scope of phenomena that psychologists are able to study is associated
with a. | descriptive
research methods | b. | introspective research methods | c. | hypothetical
deductive research methods | d. | functional research methods | | |
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17.
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The
median is a. | the score that
falls exactly in the center of a distribution | b. | the arithmetic
average of the scores in a distribution | c. | the score that occurs most frequently in a
distribution | d. | the difference between the largest and the smallest scores in a
distribution | | |
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18.
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Of
the following correlation coefficients, the one that would yield the least accurate
predictions of one variable based on the other variable would be a. | 0.00 | b. | +0.99 | c. | +0.17 | d. | -0.49 | | |
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19.
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Dr.
Zelke surveys 50 university students to discover the relationship between textbook price and ratings
of readability. Dr. Zelke finds that for these two variables the correlation coefficient is -0.70.
This indicates that a. | more expensive books tend to receive higher readability ratings
than less expensive books | b. | there is no relationship between textbook price and ratings of
readability | c. | increasing a textbooks price will cause a decrease in its
readability rating | d. | more expensive books tend to receive lower readability ratings
than less expensive books | | |
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20.
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Malinda is filling out a survey for a marketing agency in order to be eligible for a
grand prize drawing. She doesn't actually read many of the questions, and simply answers
"yes" to everything. Malinda's answers to the survey reflect a. | a social
desirability bias | b. | the placebo effect | c. | a positive
response set | d. | an interaction effect | | |
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21.
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The
fact that many times researchers unintentionally influence the outcome of their studies implies the
existence of a. | experimenter
bias | b. | a placebo
effect | c. | sampling bias | d. | social
desirability | | |
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22.
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Zigfried Rosenblat, Jr. took part in a study on sexual deviance last year. He was
somewhat dismayed when he read an article in a weekly journal discussing sexual deviance in which one
patient was referred to as ZRJ. Although the article claimed all names had been disguised to protect
personal identities, Zigfried is convinced he is the individual described in the article. In this
case, it is possible that the researchers who conducted the study violated the ethical principle
of a. | informed
consent | b. | right to privacy | c. | full
disclosure | d. | adequate debriefing | | |
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23.
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The
minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by a. | transduction
capacity | b. | transduction incapacity | c. | the absolute
refractory period | d. | the relative threshold period | | |
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24.
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An
agonist a. | blocks the
action of neurotransmitters | b. | prevents reuptake of
neurotransmitters | c. | mimics the action of a
neurotransmitter | d. | extends the absolute refractory period of neural
transmission | | |
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25.
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Abnormalities at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses appear to play a role in which
of the following? a. | hyperactivity | b. | depression | c. | high
anxiety | d. | increased appetite | | |
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26.
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Which
of the following is responsible for the human ability to engage in higher mental activity such as
thinking and philosophizing? a. | the corpus callosum | b. | the
cerebrum | c. | the cerebellum | d. | the
hypothalamus | | |
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27.
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The
primary processing for auditory sensations is in the __________ lobe of the
cerebrum. a. | parietal | b. | temporal | c. | frontal | d. | occipital | | |
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28.
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When
this lobe of the brain is electrically stimulated people report physical sensations, as if they had
been touched, for example, on the arm. a. | frontal | b. | parietal | c. | temporal | d. | occipital | | |
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29.
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A
split-brain person has a severed a. | cerebral cortex | b. | cerebellum | c. | medulla | d. | corpus
callosum | | |
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30.
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If
you sent the word "banana" to a split-brain patient's left hemisphere and the word
"cucumber" to his right hemisphere, which of the following would he be able to name
verbally? a. | both of the
items | b. | neither of the items | c. | only the
banana | d. | only the cucumber | | |
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31.
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The
genetic relatedness of fraternal twins is equal to
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32.
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Which
of the following statements about hemispheric control is true? a. | The right
hemisphere controls analytical and logic skills, while the left hemisphere controls spatial and
musical skills. | b. | Left-handed persons' behavior is controlled almost exclusively
by the left hemisphere, while right-handed persons' behavior is controlled almost exclusively by the
right hemisphere. | c. | Conclusions about hemispheric dominance and control often lead
to overgeneralizations concerning which hemisphere controls what
activities. | d. | One can increase one's IQ by engaging in activities designed to
"build up" the nondominant hemisphere. | | |
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33.
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Which
of the following does not belong with the others? a. | a
neuromodulator | b. | an EEG | c. | a CT
scan | d. | a stereotaxic
instrument | | |
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34.
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Which
of the following statements is true? a. | Although subliminal perception was once dismissed by scientists
as preposterous, recent data have made the notion less implausible. | b. | Scientists have
conclusively demonstrated that perception simply cannot take place without conscious
awareness. | c. | Recent research suggests that subliminal messages can be quite
persuasive, convincing us to buy products we don't want, promoting satanic rituals, and facilitating
weight loss. | d. | Subliminal perception is only possible if sensory adaptation
has taken place. | | |
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35.
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The
blind spot in the eye is a. | where photoreceptor cells do not
"bleach" | b. | the point at which ganglion cells synapse with bipolar
cells | c. | where the optic nerve exits the back of the
eye | d. | what leads to
color blindness | | |
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36.
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Our
visual acuity will be best when a ganglion cell a. | transmits its neural signal directly to the visual
cortex | b. | has a small receptive field | c. | has a large
receptive field | d. | transmits its neural signal to the cerebellum, instead of the
visual cortex | | |
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37.
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If
you project a red, a green, and a blue light into space, the point at which the three lights cross
will lead to the perception of a. | black light | b. | ultraviolet
light | c. | white light | d. | infrared
light | | |
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38.
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The
volley principle suggests that a. | spreading effects from one semicircular canal to another
interact to produce pitch perception for frequencies higher than 5,000 Hz | b. | ossicles of the
middle ear "echo" or "volley" auditory transmission back and forth to stimulate
hair cells | c. | sound localization is an interpretation of time discrepancies
between the time when the same sound reaches each ear | d. | groups of
auditory neurons are able fire neural impulses in rapid succession, sending signals that exceed the
firing rate of any single neuron | | |
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39.
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Food
generally tastes bland when you have a severe head cold because a. | you cold will
cause the sweet receptors in your mouth to become inactivated | b. | your high
temperature will cause your brain to block signals from the taste buds in the
mouth | c. | because your naturally produced antibodies interfere with
chemical molecules stimulated by your taste buds | d. | flavor is
influenced by smell as well as taste, and with a reduced sense of smell your sense of taste will be
diminished | | |
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40.
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The
kinesthetic system relates to a. | maintaining the relative position of body
parts | b. | the location of the body in space | c. | the sense of
forward acceleration | d. | sensing body movement, as in a car | | |
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41.
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Which
of the following parts of the ear has a role in maintaining balance? a. | the
cochlea | b. | the basilar membrane | c. | the semicircular
canals | d. | the ossicles | | |
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42.
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Psychoanalytic theory stresses all of the following except a. | conscious
thought patterns | b. | childhood experiences | c. | internal
conflicts | d. | handling of sexual impulses | | |
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43.
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Primary process thinking is associated with the __________ and secondary process
thinking is associated with the __________. a. | ego; superego | b. | superego;
id | c. | ego;
id | d. | id;
ego | | |
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44.
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Candice has just joined a sorority as a means of bolstering her self-esteem. Her
behavior reflects the use of __________ as a defense mechanism. a. | identification | b. | immersion | c. | regression | d. | projection | | |
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45.
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Social learning theory has demonstrated that we are most likely to imitate the
behavior of a. | those whom we
like or respect | b. | those whom we perceive as being similar to
ourselves | c. | those whom we consider to be attractive or
powerful | d. | any of these people | | |
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46.
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According to Carl Rogers, if your self-concept is reasonably accurate, it is said to
be a. | congruent with
reality | b. | self-actualized | c. | extraverted | d. | valid | | |
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47.
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According to Han Eysenck, __________ involves being egocentric, impulsive, cold, and
antisocial. a. | neuroticism | b. | psychoticism | c. | extraversion | d. | introversion | | |
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48.
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Which
of the following theorists is most closely associated with the evolutionary approach to
personality? a. | Albert
Bandura | b. | David Buss | c. | Abraham
Maslow | d. | Robert Plomin | | |
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49.
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Which
of the following researchers is credited for first describing the notion of sensation
seeking? a. | Han
Eysenck | b. | Carl Rogers | c. | Sigmund
Freud | d. | Marvin Zuckerman | | |
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50.
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The
personality inventory developed by Raymond Cattell that describes an individual in terms of a limited
number of personality source traits is the a. | Thematic Apperception Test | b. | 16 Personality
Factor Questionnaire | c. | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
Inventory | d. | California Psychological Inventory | | |
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